Discovery of fatty acid ester metabolites of spirolide toxins in mussels from Norway using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM
John AasenMichael Quilliam

Abstract

Cultured mussels sampled in the spring of 2002 and 2003 from Skjer, a location in the Sognefjord, Norway, tested positive in the mouse bioassay for lipophilic toxins. In a previous report, it was established that a number of spirolides, cyclic imine toxins produced by the phytoplankton Alexandrium ostenfeldii, were present in the mussels and were responsible for the observed toxicity. The main toxin proved to be a new compound named 20-methyl spirolide G. In subsequent studies, a delayed onset of spirolide-like symptoms in the mouse bioassay exceeding the usual time limit of 20 min was observed in some samples, with symptoms and death appearing as long as 45-50 min after injection. It is well known that shellfish can extensively metabolize other toxins, such as okadaic acid and the dinophysistoxins, to fatty acid acyl esters and it is also known that a delayed onset of toxic symptoms with such metabolites can occur. Analyses performed with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) have revealed a complex mixture of esters of 20-methyl spirolide G in the contaminated mussels. Precursor ion scanning has delineated the range of fatty acid esters involved, while product ion scanning has provided information on struc...Continue Reading

References

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Feb 1, 1992·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·O B StabellT Aune
Mar 22, 2005·Chemical Research in Toxicology·John AasenMichael A Quilliam

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Citations

Jul 31, 2007·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Erin DoucetMichael A Quilliam
Jan 14, 2012·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Pearse McCarronMichael A Quilliam
Jul 27, 2007·Natural Product Reports·Matthew D LebarBill J Baker
Jul 5, 2013·Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment·Ruben ZamoranoCarlos García
Nov 21, 2009·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Humberto J DominguezJosé J Fernández
Dec 1, 2006·Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS
Mar 13, 2008·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Trine TorgersenChristopher O Miles
Jan 21, 2010·Biomedical Chromatography : BMC·Paz OteroLuis M Botana
Feb 16, 2013·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·P de la IglesiaM A Quilliam
Nov 22, 2011·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Paz OteroLuis M Botana
Sep 17, 2011·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Thomas RundbergetChristopher O Miles
Jun 6, 2017·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Zita ZendongPearse McCarron
May 31, 2018·Marine Drugs·Federica FarabegoliAna García Cabado
Jun 19, 2021·Food Chemistry·Monali MukherjeePraveena Bhatt

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