Discovery of Putative XX/XY Male Heterogamety in Emydura subglobosa Turtles Exposes a Novel Trajectory of Sex Chromosome Evolution in Emydura

Cytogenetic and Genome Research
LingSze LeeNicole Valenzuela

Abstract

The discovery of sex chromosome systems in non-model organisms has elicited growing recognition that sex chromosomes evolved via diverse paths that are not fully elucidated. Lineages with labile sex determination, such as turtles, hold critical cues, yet data are skewed toward hide-neck turtles (suborder Cryptodira) and scant for side-neck turtles (suborder Pleurodira). Here, we used classic and molecular cytogenetics to investigate Emydura subglobosa (ESU), an unstudied side-neck turtle with genotypic sex determination from the family Chelidae, where extensive morphological divergence exists among XX/XY systems. Our data represent the first cytogenetic description for ESU. Similarities were found between ESU and E. macquarii (EMA), such as identical chromosome number (2n = 50), a single and dimorphic nucleolus organizer region (NOR) localized in a microchromosome pair (ESU14) of both sexes (detected via FISH of 18S rDNA). Only the larger NOR is active (detected by silver staining). As in EMA, comparative genome hybridization revealed putative macro XX/XY chromosomes in ESU (the 4th largest pair). Our comparative analyses and revaluation of previous data strongly support the hypothesis that Emydura's XX/XY system evolved via fu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 13, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Deborah Charlesworth
Jul 27, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Basanta BistaNicole Valenzuela
Jul 13, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Matthias StöckYann Guiguen

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