Disease Diagnostics and Potential Coinfections by Vibrio coralliilyticus During an Ongoing Coral Disease Outbreak in Florida

Frontiers in Microbiology
Blake UshijimaV. J. Paul

Abstract

A deadly coral disease outbreak has been devastating the Florida Reef Tract since 2014. This disease, stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), affects at least 22 coral species causing the progressive destruction of tissue. The etiological agents responsible for SCTLD are unidentified, but pathogenic bacteria are suspected. Virulence screens of 400 isolates identified four potentially pathogenic strains of Vibrio spp. subsequently identified as V. coralliilyticus. Strains of this species are known coral pathogens; however, cultures were unable to consistently elicit tissue loss, suggesting an opportunistic role. Using an improved immunoassay, the VcpA RapidTest, a toxic zinc-metalloprotease produced by V. coralliilyticus was detected on 22.3% of diseased Montastraea cavernosa (n = 67) and 23.5% of diseased Orbicella faveolata (n = 24). VcpA+ corals had significantly higher mortality rates and faster disease progression. For VcpA- fragments, 21.6% and 33.3% of M. cavernosa and O. faveolata, respectively, died within 21 d of observation, while 100% of similarly sized VcpA+ fragments of both species died during the same period. Further physiological and genomic analysis found no apparent differences between the Atlantic V. coralli...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 18, 2021·Royal Society Open Science·Emma R KelleyRachel M Wright
Dec 24, 2020·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Gwendolyn J GregoryE Fidelma Boyd

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA625269

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
light microscopy

Software Mentioned

VcpA
AntiSMASH
utils
RapidTest
FastTree
Prism
Graphpad Prism
VcpA RapidTest
enveomics
SPAdes

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