Dispersion Normalized PMF Provides Insights into the Significant Changes in Source Contributions to PM2.5 after the COVID-19 Outbreak

Environmental Science & Technology
Qili DaiPhilip K Hopke

Abstract

Factor analysis utilizes the covariance of compositional variables to separate sources of ambient pollutants like particulate matter (PM). However, meteorology causes concentration variations in addition to emission rate changes. Conventional positive matrix factorization (PMF) loses information from the data because of these dilution variations. By incorporating the ventilation coefficient, dispersion normalized PMF (DN-PMF) reduces the dilution effects. DN-PMF was applied to hourly speciated particulate composition data from a field campaign that included the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. DN-PMF sharpened the morning coal combustion and rush hour traffic peaks and lowered the daytime soil, aged sea salt, and waste incinerator contributions that better reflect the actual emissions. These results identified significant changes in source contributions after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. During this pandemic, secondary inorganic aerosol became the predominant PM2.5 source representing 50.5% of the mean mass. Fireworks and residential burning (32.0%), primary coal combustion emissions (13.3%), primary traffic emissions (2.1%), soil and aged sea salt (1.2%), and incinerator (0.9%) represent the other contributors. Traffic decre...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1977·Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association·M T KleinmanT J Kneip
Mar 16, 2007·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Adam ReffPrakash V Bhave
Jul 19, 2008·The Science of the Total Environment·Alistair Thorpe, Roy M Harrison
Jan 13, 2016·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Philip K Hopke
Apr 3, 2019·The Science of the Total Environment·Xinghua LiPhilip K Hopke
Nov 20, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Qiang ZhangJiming Hao
Jan 25, 2020·The New England Journal of Medicine·Na ZhuUNKNOWN China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team
Jun 6, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Qili DaiYinchang Feng

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 6, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Xuelin TianZhiqiang Tian
Jun 22, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Simeng MaMingjie Xie
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Shuang WangFeng Pan
Jun 22, 2021·Geophysical Research Letters·Qili DaiYinchang Feng
Jul 9, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Yuan ZhaoJianmin Ma
Jul 30, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Yixi Qiu, Joseph David Felix

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.