Dissecting cause from consequence: a systematic approach to thermal limits

The Journal of Experimental Biology
Heath A MacMillan

Abstract

Thermal limits mark the boundaries of ectotherm performance, and are increasingly appreciated as strong correlates and possible determinants of animal distribution patterns. The mechanisms setting the thermal limits of ectothermic animals are under active study and rigorous debate as we try to reconcile new observations in the lab and field with the knowledge gained from a long history of research on thermal adaptation. Here, I provide a perspective on our divided understanding of the mechanisms setting thermal limits of ectothermic animals. I focus primarily on the fundamental differences between high and low temperatures, and how animal form and environment can place different constraints on different taxa. Together, complexity and variation in animal form drive complexity in the interactions within and among levels of biological organization, creating a formidable barrier to determining mechanistic cause and effect at thermal limits. Progress in our understanding of thermal limits will require extensive collaboration and systematic approaches that embrace this complexity and allow us to separate the causes of failure from the physiological consequences that can quickly follow. I argue that by building integrative models that...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 23, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·T ŠtětinaV Koštál
Jul 23, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Ian A BouyoucosJodie L Rummer
Nov 11, 2019·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Andreas EkströmErik Sandblom
Dec 17, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Jessica CarringtonHeath A MacMillan
Oct 29, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Dillon J Chung, Patricia M Schulte
Feb 23, 2020·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Marion M LemoineMartin Kaltenpoth
Mar 7, 2021·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Johannes OvergaardMads Kuhlmann Andersen
Feb 26, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Lauren B BuckleyCaroline M Williams
Mar 20, 2021·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Andreas EkströmErik Sandblom
Mar 25, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Jakob MichaelsenAmanda Bundgaard
Aug 28, 2021·Molecular Ecology·Christopher R FriesenMats Olsson
Jan 14, 2022·Journal of Economic Entomology·Aruna ManrakhanVaughan Hattingh

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