Dissecting the Heterogeneous Cortical Anatomy of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Normative Models

Biological Psychiatry : Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
Mariam ZabihiAndre F Marquand

Abstract

The neuroanatomical basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has remained elusive, mostly owing to high biological and clinical heterogeneity among diagnosed individuals. Despite considerable effort toward understanding ASD using neuroimaging biomarkers, heterogeneity remains a barrier, partly because studies mostly employ case-control approaches, which assume that the clinical group is homogeneous. Here, we used an innovative normative modeling approach to parse biological heterogeneity in ASD. We aimed to dissect the neuroanatomy of ASD by mapping the deviations from a typical pattern of neuroanatomical development at the level of the individual and to show the necessity to look beyond the case-control paradigm to understand the neurobiology of ASD. We first estimated a vertexwise normative model of cortical thickness development using Gaussian process regression, then mapped the deviation of each participant from the typical pattern. For this, we employed a heterogeneous cross-sectional sample of 206 typically developing individuals (127 males) and 321 individuals with ASD (232 males) (6-31 years of age). We found few case-control differences, but the ASD cohort showed highly individualized patterns of deviations in cortical ...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 25, 2020·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Danilo BzdokAndre F Marquand
Oct 13, 2020·Human Brain Mapping·Lara M WierengaChristian K Tamnes
Jan 13, 2021·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Mark H JohnsonEmily J H Jones
Sep 11, 2021·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Christine EckerDeclan G M Murphy

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