Dissecting the phyloepidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi I (TcI) in Brazil by the use of high resolution genetic markers

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Fabiola RomanMatthew Yeo

Abstract

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease, is monophyletic but genetically heterogeneous. It is currently represented by six genetic lineages (Discrete Typing Units, DTUs) designated TcI-TcVI. TcI is the most geographically widespread and genetically heterogeneous lineage, this as is evidenced by a wide range of genetic markers applied to isolates spanning a vast geographic range in Latin America. In total, 78 TcI isolated from hosts and vectors distributed in 5 different biomes of Brazil, were analyzed using 6 nuclear housekeeping genes, 25 microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial marker. Nuclear markers reveal substantial genetic diversity, significant gene flow between biomes, incongruence in phylogenies, and haplotypic analysis indicative of intra-DTU genetic exchange. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on mitochondrial and nuclear loci were incongruent, and consistent with introgression. Structure analysis of microsatellite data reveals that, amongst biomes, the Amazon is the most genetically diverse and experiences the lowest level of gene flow. Investigation of population structure based on the host species/genus, indicated that Didelphis marsupialis might play a role as the main disperser of TcI. The presen...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
MF781085-MF781124
JQ581330.1
JQ581331.1
JQ581329.1
MF615740-MF615799
MF615920-MF615979

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
genetic exchange

Software Mentioned

MICROSAT
MLSTest
Rare
Visual Basic script
Structure
ARLEQUIN
MrBayes
MEGA
MLST
PHASE

Related Concepts