Dissecting the Roles of Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone in Mammals: Studies Using Pharmacological Tools and Genetically Modified Mouse Models

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Silvia Leon, Manuel Tena-Sempere

Abstract

Reproduction is essential for perpetuation of the species and, hence, is controlled by a sophisticated network of regulatory factors of central and peripheral origin that integrate at the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Among the central regulators of reproduction, kisspeptins, as major stimulatory drivers of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurosecretion, have drawn considerable interest in the last decade. However, the dynamic, if not cyclic (in the female), nature of reproductive function and the potency of kisspeptins and other stimulatory signals of the HPG axis make tenable the existence of counterbalance inhibitory mechanisms, which may keep stimulation at check and would allow adaptation of reproductive maturation and function to different endogenous and environmental conditions. In this context, discovery of the gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in birds, and its mammalian homolog, RFRP, opened up the exciting possibility that this inhibitory signal might operate centrally to suppress, directly or indirectly, GnRH/gonadotropin secretion, thus reciprocally cooperating with other stimulatory inputs in the dynamic regulation of the reproductive hypothalamic-pituitary unit. After more than 15 years of...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 9, 2016·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·Sarantis Livadas, George P Chrousos
Apr 27, 2019·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Eleni AngelopoulouValérie Simonneaux
Feb 22, 2017·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Kashan AhmedMarkus Stoffel
May 7, 2020·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Pablo Nicolás SurkinJavier Fernández-Solari
May 19, 2020·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Didier LometHugues Dardente
Sep 4, 2021·Veterinary World·Smruti Smita MohapatraKinsuk Das

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
amidation
antisense oligonucleotides

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