Dissociation of working memory impairments and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the brain

NeuroImage. Clinical
Aaron T MattfeldJohn D E Gabrieli

Abstract

Prevailing neuropsychological models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) propose that ADHD arises from deficits in executive functions such as working memory, but accumulating clinical evidence suggests a dissociation between ADHD and executive dysfunctions. This study examined whether ADHD and working memory capacity are behaviorally and neurobiologically separable using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants diagnosed with ADHD in childhood who subsequently remitted or persisted in their diagnosis as adults were characterized at follow-up in adulthood as either impaired or unimpaired in spatial working memory relative to controls who never had ADHD. ADHD participants with impaired spatial working memory performed worse than controls and ADHD participants with unimpaired working memory during an n-back working memory task while being scanned. Both controls and ADHD participants with unimpaired working memory exhibited significant linearly increasing activation in the inferior frontal junction, precuneus, lingual gyrus, and cerebellum as a function of working-memory load, and these activations did not differ significantly between these groups. ADHD participants with impaired working memory exh...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 18, 2016·Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine·Catherine J Stoodley, Catherine Limperopoulos
Sep 3, 2016·Developmental Neurobiology·Lydia OikonomidisAngela C Roberts
Oct 12, 2017·Frontiers in Psychology·Samantha J BrooksHelgi B Schiöth
Sep 19, 2020·Journal of Attention Disorders·Natali BozhilovaPhilip Asherson
Jul 29, 2017·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Alma Y Galvez-ContrerasOscar Gonzalez-Perez
Jul 16, 2019·Applied Neuropsychology. Adult·Ronna FriedJoseph Biederman
Sep 15, 2020·NeuroImage. Clinical·Carolina CiumasPhilippe Ryvlin

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AFNI
ANTS
FreeSurfer
Advanced Normalization Tools ( ANTS ) ART
Nipy
Analysis of Functional NeuroImages ( AFNI )
FMRIB Software Library
FSL
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