Distinct Helper T Cell Type 1 and 2 Responses Associated With Malaria Protection and Risk in RTS,S/AS01E Vaccinees

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Gemma MoncunillCarlota Dobaño

Abstract

The RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine has moderate efficacy, lower in infants than children. Current efforts to enhance RTS,S/AS01E efficacy would benefit from learning about the vaccine-induced immunity and identifying correlates of malaria protection, which could, for instance, inform the choice of adjuvants. Here, we sought cellular immunity-based correlates of malaria protection and risk associated with RTS,S/AS01E vaccination. We performed a matched case-control study nested within the multicenter African RTS,S/AS01E phase 3 trial. Children and infant samples from 57 clinical malaria cases (32 RTS,S/25 comparator vaccinees) and 152 controls without malaria (106 RTS,S/46 comparator vaccinees) were analyzed. We measured 30 markers by Luminex following RTS,S/AS01E antigen stimulation of cells 1 month postimmunization. Crude concentrations and ratios of antigen to background control were analyzed. Interleukin (IL) 2 and IL-5 ratios were associated with RTS,S/AS01E vaccination (adjusted P ≤ .01). IL-5 circumsporozoite protein (CSP) ratios, a helper T cell type 2 cytokine, correlated with higher odds of malaria in RTS,S/AS01E vaccinees (odds ratio, 1.17 per 10% increases of CSP ratios; P value adjusted for multiple testing = .03). In ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 3, 2019·Expert Review of Vaccines·K L WilsonM Plebanski
Sep 24, 2019·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Matthew B Laurens
May 15, 2020·Science Translational Medicine·Gemma MoncunillCarlota Dobaño
Jan 11, 2019·Science Translational Medicine·James G BeesonMichelle J Boyle
Sep 28, 2020·Parasite Immunology·Kelvin Mokaya AbugaJulius Clemence R Hafalla
Jan 28, 2021·Expert Review of Vaccines·Danielle I Stanisic, Matthew B B McCall
Aug 10, 2021·Current Epidemiology Reports·Griffin J BellJeffrey A Bailey

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