Distinct types of short open reading frames are translated in plant cells

Genome Research
Igor FesenkoVadim Govorun

Abstract

Genomes contain millions of short (<100 codons) open reading frames (sORFs), which are usually dismissed during gene annotation. Nevertheless, peptides encoded by such sORFs can play important biological roles, and their impact on cellular processes has long been underestimated. Here, we analyzed approximately 70,000 transcribed sORFs in the model plant Physcomitrella patens (moss). Several distinct classes of sORFs that differ in terms of their position on transcripts and the level of evolutionary conservation are present in the moss genome. Over 5000 sORFs were conserved in at least one of 10 plant species examined. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteomic and peptidomic data sets suggested that tens of sORFs located on distinct parts of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are translated, including conserved sORFs. Translational analysis of the sORFs and main ORFs at a single locus suggested the existence of genes that code for multiple proteins and peptides with tissue-specific expression. Functional analysis of four lncRNA-encoded peptides showed that sORFs-encoded peptides are involved in regulation of growth and differentiation in moss. Knocking out lncRNA-encoded peptides resulted in a decrease of moss growth. In cont...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 7, 2021·Plants·Michael TalianskyAndrew J Love
Nov 13, 2020·Nucleic Acids Research·Marie A BrunetXavier Roucou
Feb 18, 2021·The FEBS Journal·Dörte Schlesinger, Simon J Elsässer
Mar 13, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Mengquan YangQingfeng Zhang
Mar 14, 2021·Plant Molecular Biology·Irina LyapinaIgor Fesenko
Jul 10, 2021·DNA Research : an International Journal for Rapid Publication of Reports on Genes and Genomes·Diego Guerra-AlmeidaRodrigo Nunes-da-Fonseca
Sep 28, 2021·Nucleic Acids Research·Igor FesenkoEugene V Koonin
Dec 4, 2021·Parasitology Research·Gilbert O SilveiraSergio Verjovski-Almeida
Dec 5, 2021·Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology·Lei ChenQian Zhao

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