Distinguishing Between Cyclopropylfentanyl and Crotonylfentanyl by Methods Commonly Available in the Forensic Laboratory

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Marianne Skov-Skov BerghÅse Marit Leere Øiestad

Abstract

The opioid analgesic fentanyl and its analogues pose a major health concern due to its high potency and the increasing number of overdose deaths worldwide. The analogues of fentanyl may differ in potency, toxicity, and legal status, and it is therefore important to develop analytical methods for their correct identification. This can be challenging since many fentanyl analogues are structural isomers. Two fentanyl isomers that have been in the spotlight lately due to difficulties regarding separation and identification are cyclopropylfentanyl and crotonylfentanyl, which have been reported to display nearly identical fragmentation patterns and chromatographic behavior. Chromatographic separation of cyclopropylfentanyl and crotonylfentanyl by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated using 3 different stationary phases (high strength silica T3, ethylsiloxane/silica hybrid C18, and Kinetex biphenyl) using gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate pH 3.1 and MeOH. Detection was performed by tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the major metabolites of the 2 compounds formed on incubation with human liver microsomes were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-...Continue Reading

References

Apr 4, 2008·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Ilkka OjanperäErkki Vuori
May 15, 2010·The American Journal of Emergency Medicine·Antony V GeorgeTimothy B Erickson
Jun 4, 2014·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Rebecca L ShanerRudolph C Johnson
May 16, 2015·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Jane MounteneyPaul Griffiths
Jun 18, 2015·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Matilda BäckbergAnders Helander
Aug 30, 2018·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring·Marianne Skov-Skov BerghÅse Marit Leere Øiestad
Nov 27, 2018·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Michael FagiolaJoseph Avella
Jan 19, 2019·Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society·Jennifer R MallettePatrick A Hays

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Citations

Dec 4, 2019·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Per Ole M GundersenSvante Vikingsson
Oct 7, 2021·Psychopharmacology·Marianne Skov-Skov BerghMichael H Baumann

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