Distinguishing between depression and anxiety: a proposal for an extension of the tripartite model

European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
M E den Hollander-GijsmanF G Zitman

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to develop scales that assess symptoms of depression and anxiety and can adequately differentiate between depression and anxiety disorders, and also can distinguish within anxiety disorders. As point of departure, we used the tripartite model of Clark and Watson that discerns three dimensions: negative affect, positive affect and physiological hyperarousal. Analyses were performed on the data of 1449 patients, who completed the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). From this, 1434 patients were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview. A model with five dimensions was found: depressed mood, lack of positive affect, somatic arousal, phobic fear and hostility. The scales appear capable to differentiate between patients with a mood and with an anxiety disorder. Within the anxiety disorders, somatic arousal was specific for patients with panic disorder. Phobic fear was associated with panic disorder, simple phobia and social anxiety disorder, but not with generalized anxiety disorder. We present a five-factor model as an extension of the tripartite model. Through the addition of phobic fear, anxiety is better represented than in the tripartite...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 27, 2010·PloS One·Desmond J OathesJack B Nitschke
Jan 25, 2011·Psychosomatic Medicine·Floriana S LuppinoBrenda W J H Penninx
Oct 30, 2010·Biological Psychiatry·Klaas J WardenaarFrans G Zitman
Oct 31, 2012·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·Sanne M HendriksBrenda W J H Penninx
May 11, 2012·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : the Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics·Tineke van VeenFrans G Zitman
Dec 20, 2011·Journal of Affective Disorders·Klaas J WardenaarBrenda W J H Penninx
Nov 3, 2011·Journal of Affective Disorders·Margien E den Hollander-GijsmanFrans G Zitman
Dec 6, 2017·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Marangelie Criado-MarreroLaura J Blair
Jul 5, 2018·Behavioural Neurology·Janna MantuaMiranda M Lim

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