Disulfide bond formation in prokaryotes

Nature Microbiology
Cristina LandetaJ Beckwith

Abstract

Interest in protein disulfide bond formation has recently increased because of the prominent role of disulfide bonds in bacterial virulence and survival. The first discovered pathway that introduces disulfide bonds into cell envelope proteins consists of Escherichia coli enzymes DsbA and DsbB. Since its discovery, variations on the DsbAB pathway have been found in bacteria and archaea, probably reflecting specific requirements for survival in their ecological niches. One variation found amongst Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria is the replacement of DsbB by a homologue of human vitamin K epoxide reductase. Many Gram-positive bacteria express enzymes involved in disulfide bond formation that are similar, but non-homologous, to DsbAB. While bacterial pathways promote disulfide bond formation in the bacterial cell envelope, some archaeal extremophiles express proteins with disulfide bonds both in the cytoplasm and in the extra-cytoplasmic space, possibly to stabilize proteins in the face of extreme conditions, such as growth at high temperatures. Here, we summarize the diversity of disulfide-bond-catalysing systems across prokaryotic lineages, discuss examples for understanding the biological basis of such systems, and present pers...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 21, 2018·Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society·Takushi FujimotoHiroshi Kadokura
Jan 22, 2019·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Signe ChristensenWilhelmina M Huston
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

Muscle
HMMER
hmmbuild
BLAST
Interactive Tree of Life

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