Divergent and common groups of proteins in glands of venomous snakes

Electrophoresis
V RiouxA Galat

Abstract

Protein contents of venom-producing glands from the sea-snake Laticauda colubrina (LC) and terrestrial Vipera Russelli (VR) were studied using high-resolution two-dimensional gels: isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF/SDS-PAGE) and nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) followed by SDS-PAGE. Tentative identities of numerous proteins were established using their amino acid compositions and in certain cases the identities were verified by microsequencing of their N-terminals and internal fragments. As expected, we found several proteins known to be present in the venom of the respective snakes. These include numerous isoforms of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in both snake glands, various neurotoxins in LC glands and factor IX/factor X-binding protein, hemorrhagic factor and coagulation factor X activating enzyme in Russell's viper glands (VR). Not unexpectedly, we also found a number of cell housekeeping proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, proteins that are necessary for folding, such as heat-shock proteins, protein disulfide-isomerase and peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases. Unexpectedly, however, the glands of Laticauda colubrina and Russell's viper include a large...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 9, 2000·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·P SaraviaJ M Gutiérrez
Mar 27, 2003·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Paul G GallagherJay W Fox
Feb 9, 2002·The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry·Vincent RiouxPhilippe Legrand
Apr 7, 2009·Journal of Proteomics·Jay W Fox, Solange M T Serrano
Dec 18, 2008·Expert Review of Proteomics·Dessislava GeorgievaChristian Betzel
Oct 16, 2007·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Robert Leslie James GrahamChris Shaw
Mar 24, 2007·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Kasem KulkeawPramuan Tapchaisri
Jan 19, 2008·Proteomics·Jay W Fox, Solange M T Serrano
Apr 22, 2006·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Philippe FavreauReto Stöcklin
Apr 1, 2006·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Jay W FoxSolange M T Serrano
Dec 19, 2014·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Tamar RachamimDaniel Sher
Aug 3, 2004·The Biochemical Journal·Shuting LiSiqi Liu
Aug 15, 2012·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Helena Safavi-HemamiAnthony W Purcell

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