PMID: 11605433Oct 19, 2001Paper

Divergent and convergent mechanisms of the integrative activity of the mammalian brain

Zhurnal vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova
A S Bazian

Abstract

Convergent intercellular synaptic interaction is actualized, mainly, by two neurotransmitter systems: glutamate- and GABA-ergic (excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, respectively). Fast and slow postsynaptic receptors of glutamate- and GABA-ergic synapses are described. All other brain systems are divergent neuromodulators. Modulators are released into the intercellular space and simultaneously interact with a large population of neurons. A hypothesis of divergent modulatory integration is described: the divergently functioning neuromodulators actualize stable functional states of the brain via appropriate long-term modification-inducing receptors. These stable states are a biochemical basis of the motivational and emotional states. Mechanisms of the secondary nuclear signaling triggered by the long-term modification-inducing receptors consolidate the stable states. The hypothesis of divergent modulatory integration is substantiated in the paper on the basis of the evidence obtained by the author and his collaborates. The haloperidol catalepsy and pentile-netetrazole kindling are considered as a behavioral model of the divergent modulatory integration. The experimental data suggest that divergently functioning neu...Continue Reading

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