Diversity in warning coloration: selective paradox or the norm?

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
Emmanuelle S BriolatAdam M M Stuckert

Abstract

Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency-dependent learning. However, widespread variation in warning signals is observed across closely related species, populations and, most problematically for evolutionary biologists, among individuals in the same population. Recent research has yielded an increased awareness of this diversity, challenging the paradigm of signal monomorphy in aposematic animals. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis of these disparate lines of investigation, identifying within them three broad classes of explanation for variation in aposematic warning signals: genetic mechanisms, differences among predators and predator behaviour, and alternative selection pressures upon the signal. The mechanisms producing warning coloration are also important. Detailed studies of the genetic basis of warning signals in some species, most notably Heliconius butterflies, are beginning to shed light on the genetic architecture facilitating or limiting key processes such as the evolution and maintenance of polymorphisms, hybridisation, and speciation. Work on predator behaviour is changing our perception of the preda...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 6, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Aidamalia Vargas-LowmanAbderrahman Khila
Jul 1, 2020·Behavioral Ecology : Official Journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology·Carita LindstedtJohanna Mappes
Jun 25, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Iliana MedinaMegan L Head
Aug 8, 2020·Behavioral Ecology : Official Journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology·Matthew E Nielsen, Johanna Mappes
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Sep 5, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J P LawrenceBrice P Noonan
Dec 2, 2020·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Tim Caro, Manisha Koneru
Dec 11, 2020·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Alberto Corral-LopezDavid Outomuro
Feb 3, 2021·Biology Letters·E Dale BroderRobin M Tinghitella
Apr 29, 2021·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Thomas E White, Kate D L Umbers
May 2, 2021·Ecology Letters·Donovan A BellThomas E Reed
Jun 16, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·David W KikuchiJohanna Mappes
May 27, 2021·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Stephanie B Crofts, Theodore Stankowich
Aug 26, 2021·Ecology and Evolution·K Anne-Isola NekarisThais Q Morcatty

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Software Mentioned

Mappes
WntA
optix
Aposematic

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