Diversity of Cortico-descending Projections: Histological and Diffusion MRI Characterization in the Monkey

Cerebral Cortex
Giorgio M InnocentiJean-Philippe Thiran

Abstract

The axonal composition of cortical projections originating in premotor, supplementary motor (SMA), primary motor (a4), somatosensory and parietal areas and descending towards the brain stem and spinal cord was characterized in the monkey with histological tract tracing, electron microscopy (EM) and diffusion MRI (dMRI). These 3 approaches provided complementary information. Histology provided accurate assessment of axonal diameters and size of synaptic boutons. dMRI revealed the topography of the projections (tractography), notably in the internal capsule. From measurements of axon diameters axonal conduction velocities were computed. Each area communicates with different diameter axons and this generates a hierarchy of conduction delays in this order: a4 (the shortest), SMA, premotor (F7), parietal, somatosensory, premotor F4 (the longest). We provide new interpretations for i) the well-known different anatomical and electrophysiological estimates of conduction velocity; ii) why conduction delays are probably an essential component of the cortical motor command; and iii) how histological and dMRI tractography can be integrated.

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Citations

Feb 7, 2020·Cerebral Cortex·A KraskovS N Baker
Sep 29, 2018·Brain Structure & Function·Giorgio M InnocentiMaxime Descoteaux
Jul 17, 2020·NeuroImage·Yihao Xia, Yonggang Shi
Jun 3, 2021·Brain Sciences·Roger N Lemon
Jul 3, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Muhamed BarakovicAlessandro Daducci

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