DNA microloops and microdomains: a general mechanism for transcription activation by torsional transmission

Journal of Molecular Biology
Andrew Travers, Georgi Muskhelishvili

Abstract

Prokaryotic transcriptional activation often involves the formation of DNA microloops upstream of the polymerase binding site. There is substantial evidence that these microloops function to bring activator and polymerase into close spatial proximity. However additional functions are suggested by the ability of certain activators, of which FIS is the best characterised example, to facilitate polymerase binding, promoter opening and polymerase escape. We review here the evidence for the concept that the topology of the microloop formed by such activators is tightly coupled to the structural transitions in DNA mediated by RNA polymerase. In this process, which we term torsional transmission, a major function of the activator is to act as a local topological homeostat. We argue that the same mechanism may also be employed in site-specific DNA inversion.

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Citations

Feb 3, 2005·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Andrew Travers, Georgi Muskhelishvili
Mar 19, 2002·EMBO Reports·Mark RochmanGeorgi Muskhelishvili
Nov 26, 2010·Nucleic Acids Research·John S GrahamJohn F Marko
Nov 30, 2006·Molecular and Cellular Biology·Danxu LiuRonald Chalmers
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Mar 17, 2011·BMC Systems Biology·Nikolaus SonnenscheinMarc-Thorsten Hütt
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Dec 22, 2005·IEEE Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering·Elisa FicarraBruno Samorì
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May 17, 2017·Biophysics Reviews·Georgi Muskhelishvili, Andrew Travers
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Mar 30, 2001·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·W NasserG Muskhelishvili
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Jul 1, 2004·Molecular Microbiology·Mark RochmanGeorgi Muskhelishvili
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Aug 4, 2009·Computational Biology and Chemistry·Tamar Nov KlaimanAlexander Bolshoy

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