DNA/MVA Vaccines for HIV/AIDS

Vaccines
Smita S Iyer, Rama Rao Amara

Abstract

Since the initial proof-of-concept studies examining the ability of antigen-encoded plasmid DNA to serve as an immunogen, DNA vaccines have evolved as a clinically safe and effective platform for priming HIV-specific cellular and humoral responses in heterologous "prime-boost" vaccination regimens. Direct injection of plasmid DNA into the muscle induces T- and B-cell responses against foreign antigens. However, the insufficient magnitude of this response has led to the development of approaches for enhancing the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. The last two decades have seen significant progress in the DNA-based vaccine platform with optimized plasmid constructs, improved delivery methods, such as electroporation, the use of molecular adjuvants and novel strategies combining DNA with viral vectors and subunit proteins. These innovations are paving the way for the clinical application of DNA-based HIV vaccines. Here, we review preclinical studies on the DNA-prime/modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-boost vaccine modality for HIV. There is a great deal of interest in enhancing the immunogenicity of DNA by engineering DNA vaccines to co-express immune modulatory adjuvants. Some of these adjuvants have demonstrated encouraging results in...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 5, 2019·Expert Review of Vaccines·Jean-Louis Excler, Jerome H Kim
Sep 9, 2016·Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS·Mangala Rao, Carl R Alving
Aug 28, 2019·Current Immunology Reviews·Pamela A Kozlowski, Anna Aldovini

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transfection

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