DNMTs and Impact of CpG Content, Transcription Factors, Consensus Motifs, lncRNAs, and Histone Marks on DNA Methylation.

Genes
Jaqueline Loaeza-LoaezaDaniel Hernández-Sotelo

Abstract

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) play an essential role in DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation in the genome. DNMTs, along with other poorly studied elements, modulate the dynamic DNA methylation patterns of embryonic and adult cells. We summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanism of DNMTs' functional targeting to maintain genome-wide DNA methylation patterns. We focus on DNMTs' intrinsic characteristics, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional modifications. Furthermore, we focus special attention on the DNMTs' specificity for target sites, including key cis-regulatory factors such as CpG content, common motifs, transcription factors (TF) binding sites, lncRNAs, and histone marks to regulate DNA methylation. We also review how complexes of DNMTs/TFs or DNMTs/lncRNAs are involved in DNA methylation in specific genome regions. Understanding these processes is essential because the spatiotemporal regulation of DNA methylation modulates gene expression in health and disease.

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Citations

May 8, 2021·Epigenetics : Official Journal of the DNA Methylation Society·Maud De DieuleveultRachel Deplus
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Masaki KobayashiYoshikazu Higami
Jul 25, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Darya KaplunSvetlana Zhenilo

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
acetylation
ubiquitination
sumoylation
proximity
immunoprecipitation

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