Do Current Fortification and Supplementation Programs Assure Adequate Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Belgian Infants, Toddlers, Pregnant Women, and Lactating Women?

Nutrients
Isabelle MoyersoenHerman Van Oyen

Abstract

Abstracts: Adequate intakes of fat-soluble vitamins are essential to support the growth and development of the foetus, the neonate, and the young child. By means of an online self-administered frequency questionnaire, this study aimed to evaluate the intake of vitamins A, D, E, and K in Belgian infants (n = 455), toddlers (n = 265), pregnant women (n = 161), and lactating women (n = 165). The contribution of foods, fortified foods, and supplements on the total intake was quantified. 5% of toddlers, 16% of pregnant women, and 35% of lactating women had an inadequate vitamin A intake. Conversely, excessive vitamin A intakes were associated with consumption of liver (products). Furthermore, 22% of infants were at risk for inadequate vitamin D intake due to the lack of prophylaxis, while consumption of highly dosed supplements posed a risk for excessive intakes in 6%-26% of infants. Vitamin D intake in pregnant women and lactating women was inadequate (median of 51%, respectively, 60% of the adequate intake). In all groups, the risk for inadequate intake of vitamin E and K was low. Contribution of fortified foods to vitamin A, D, E, and K intake was minor, except in toddlers. National fortification strategies should be investigated...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 4, 2019·Annals of Clinical Biochemistry·Marieke P Hoevenaar-BlomPaul Hg Hogeman
Aug 7, 2018·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (EFSA NDA Panel)Monika Neuhäuser-Berthold
Mar 27, 2019·Nutrients·Sabina Bastos MaiaMalaquias Batista Filho
Jun 1, 2021·Food Research International·Charlotte GrootaertBruno De Meulenaer

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