Does higher income inequality adversely influence infant mortality rates? Reconciling descriptive patterns and recent research findings

Social Science & Medicine
Arjumand SiddiqiPaul Campbell Erwin

Abstract

As the struggle continues to explain the relatively high rates of infant mortality (IMR) exhibited in the United States, a renewed emphasis is being placed on the role of possible 'contextual' determinants. Cross-sectional and short time-series studies have found that higher income inequality is associated with higher IMR at the state level. Yet, descriptively, the longer-term trends in income inequality and in IMR seem to call such results into question. To assess whether, over the period 1990-2007, state-level income inequality is associated with state-level IMR; to examine whether the overall effect of income inequality on IMR over this period varies by state; to test whether the association between income inequality and IMR varies across this time period. IMR data--number of deaths per 1000 live births in a given state and year--were obtained from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control Wonder database. Income inequality was measured using the Gini coefficient, which varies from zero (complete equality) to 100 (complete inequality). Covariates included state-level poverty rate, median income, and proportion of high school graduates. Fixed and random effects regressions were conducted to test hypotheses. Fixed effects models su...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 18, 2015·European Journal of Epidemiology·Mauricio Avendano, Philipp Hessel
Jul 22, 2015·Social Science & Medicine·Kate E Pickett, Richard G Wilkinson
Jul 8, 2016·PloS One·Ali TeymooriMichael Wohl
Apr 2, 2020·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Clarissa Polen-DeEmily DeFranco
May 25, 2020·International Journal of Public Health·Amy EhntholtRoman Pabayo
Jan 29, 2021·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·Dovile VildaMaeve Wallace

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