PMID: 8942781Nov 30, 1996Paper

Does malarial tolerance, through nitric oxide, explain the low incidence of autoimmune disease in tropical Africa?

Lancet
I A ClarkK A Rockett

Abstract

Autoimmune disease is generally rare in tropical rural populations. Plasma concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate (reactive nitrogen intermediates), reflecting high nitric-oxide production somewhere in the body, can be high in patients who have cerebral malaria, but even higher in symptom-free parasitised individuals, who are termed malaria-tolerant. We propose that the nitric oxide causing high serum levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates in malaria-tolerant individuals is generated in macrophages during the establishment and maintenance of malarial tolerance, and makes autoimmune disease rare in many tropical rural populations by minimising proliferation of autoreactive T cells. Conversely, innately low levels of nitric-oxide generation in these populations, selected by malarial disease in tropical areas, could rationalise their high frequency of autoimmune disease and hypertension when living in western societies.

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Citations

May 18, 2004·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Mathieu Nacher
Dec 12, 1997·International Journal for Parasitology·I A ClarkL S Jacobson
May 1, 1997·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·F al-YamanI A Clark
Oct 9, 1998·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·A M TaylorN J White
Dec 16, 1998·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·F M al-YamanI A Clark
Jan 10, 2002·Veterinary Parasitology·Linda S JacobsonTarquin Vaughan-Scott
Aug 7, 2003·Trends in Parasitology·Ian A ClarkDavid Burgner
Jun 23, 2010·Nature Reviews. Rheumatology·Yinon ShapiraYehuda Shoenfeld
Jun 27, 2002·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Michael S NobesRichard B Sewell
Feb 8, 2006·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Padma MurthiRichard B Sewell
Jul 20, 2004·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Ian A ClarkWilliam B Cowden
Dec 31, 1997·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·A M KomarovW B Weglicki
May 5, 1999·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·A Parikh-PatelM E Gershwin
Sep 8, 2012·PloS One·Ousmane ToureUNKNOWN Collaboration with The MalariaGEN Consortium
May 23, 2006·Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation·H NahrevanianM Abolhassani
Jul 24, 2018·Parasite Immunology·Rosângela Maria RodriguesJulia Maria Costa-Cruz
Mar 15, 2005·International Reviews of Immunology·Raivo Uibo
Aug 26, 2006·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Thomas SmithLouis Molineaux

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