Does Socioeconomic Status Modify the Association Between Preterm Birth and Children's Early Cognitive Ability and Kindergarten Academic Achievement in the United States?

American Journal of Epidemiology
Jennifer L BeauregardMichael R Kramer

Abstract

Being born preterm and being raised in poverty are each linked with adverse cognitive outcomes. Using data from 5,250 singletons born in the United States in 2001 and enrolled in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, we examined whether household socioeconomic status (SES) modified the association between preterm birth (PTB) and children's scores on cognitive assessments at age 2 years and reading and mathematics assessments at kindergarten age. Gestational age was measured from birth certificates and categorized as early preterm, moderate preterm, late preterm, early term, and term. SES was measured at age 9 months using a composite of parental education, occupation, and income. PTB was associated with 0.1- to 0.6-standard deviation-deficits in 2-year cognitive ability and kindergarten mathematics scores and with 0.1- to 0.4-standard-deviation deficits in kindergarten reading scores. Children living in the lowest (versus highest) SES quintile scored 0.6 standard deviations lower on 2-year cognitive ability, 1.1 standard deviations lower on kindergarten reading, and 0.9 standard deviations lower on kindergarten mathematics. The association between PTB and cognitive outcomes did not differ by postnatal SES. Howev...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 16, 2019·Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica·Trine M NielsenTine B Henriksen
Sep 11, 2019·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·David C MallinsonDeborah B Ehrenthal
May 14, 2020·The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal·Shervin AssariMohsen Bazargan
Dec 22, 2020·Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence·Sarah E BillsJessica Bradshaw
Apr 1, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Adi Ulmer YanivRuth Feldman
Apr 3, 2021·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·Barbara LukeKevin J Doody
Jun 4, 2021·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Josephine Funck BilsteenAnne-Marie Nybo Andersen
Sep 16, 2021·International Journal of Epidemiology·Mariane SentenacJennifer Zeitlin
Dec 9, 2021·Pediatrics·Josephine Funck BilsteenAnne-Marie Nybo Andersen

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