PMID: 9433753Jan 20, 1998Paper

Does the brain use sliding variables for the control of movements?

Biological cybernetics
S HannetonJ J Slotine

Abstract

Delays in the transmission of sensory and motor information prevent errors from being instantaneously available to the central nervous system (CNS) and can reduce the stability of a closed-loop control strategy. On the other hand, the use of a pure feedforward control (inverse dynamics) requires a perfect knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the body and of manipulated objects. Sensory feedback is essential both to accommodate unexpected errors and events and to compensate for uncertainties about the dynamics of the body. Experimental observations concerning the control of posture, gaze and limbs have shown that the CNS certainly uses a combination of closed-loop and open-loop control. Feedforward components of movement, such as eye saccades, occur intermittently and present a stereotyped kinematic profile. In visuo-manual tracking tasks, hand movements exhibit velocity peaks that occur intermittently. When a delay or a slow dynamics are inserted in the visuo-manual control loop, intermittent step-and-hold movements appear clearly in the hand trajectory. In this study, we investigated strategies used by human subjects involved in the control of a particular dynamic system. We found strong evidence for substantial nonlinearities...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 9, 2005·Experimental Brain Research·Alon FishbachJames C Houk
Sep 1, 2006·Experimental Brain Research·Alon FishbachJames C Houk
Dec 16, 2011·Experimental Brain Research·James M FinleyEric J Perreault
Apr 1, 2010·Biological cybernetics·Andreas G Fleischer
Feb 18, 2011·Biological cybernetics·Peter GawthropHenrik Gollee
Apr 24, 2001·Neural Networks : the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society·J J Slotine, W Lohmiller
Jan 24, 2007·Assistive Technology : the Official Journal of RESNA·James PattonRobert Kenyon
Sep 2, 2005·Journal of Neural Engineering·Chung Tin, Chi-Sang Poon
Apr 12, 2012·Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·Ian D LoramPeter J Gawthrop
Oct 1, 2011·Journal of Integrative Neuroscience·Amir Karniel
Jun 23, 2010·PloS One·Valentina SqueriElena Vergaro
Feb 7, 2014·Biological cybernetics·Peter GawthropMartin Lakie
Nov 30, 2010·Artificial Intelligence in Medicine·Vito Logar, Aleš Belič
Aug 20, 2003·The European Journal of Neuroscience·François Klam, Werner Graf
Dec 1, 2010·Brain Research·Jean-François DaneaultChristian Duval
Aug 21, 2010·International Journal of Neural Systems·Dimitrios TheodoridisManolis Christodoulou
Jan 27, 2006·Journal of Neurophysiology·Dinant A KistemakerMaarten F Bobbert
Jun 10, 2000·Journal of Neurophysiology·K C Engel, J F Soechting
Nov 20, 2016·Experimental Brain Research·Éric O BoyerSylvain Hanneton
Oct 28, 2019·Human Factors·Miguel Martínez-GarcíaTimothy Gordon

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