Does the mosquito have more of a role in certain cancers than is currently appreciated? - The mosquito cocktail hypothesis

Medical Hypotheses
M WardO Johansson

Abstract

The International Agency for Research on Cancer recognises five viruses, one bacterium and three parasites as having a causal relationship to cancer, and one virus, HIV, that by suppressing the immune system assists in the development of cancer. In addition numerous researchers have claimed links between cancer and other viruses and bacteria, many of which have been isolated from tumours. Excluding the non-causal HIV, 33 infectious agents linked with cancer have been identified in the literature, 27 of which have one thing in common: they are all present in mosquitoes. There are over 3000 species of mosquito and very few have been fully analysed, so the six remaining infectious agents may be present in some unexamined species. This hypothesis proposes that more cancers than are presently appreciated may arise from the long-term outcome of a mosquito bite, which by releasing a complex cocktail of up to 60 infectious agents directly into the blood stream, often results in contemporaneous immuno-suppression and a multiplicity of co-infections. These co-infections may act synergistically in whole, or in part, and in complex ways. Whether and if so which type of cancer ensues will depend on the constituent ingredients in the cocktai...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 27, 2016·Parasitology Research·Martin Ward, Giovanni Benelli
Nov 22, 2017·Pathogens and Global Health·Martin Ward, Giovanni Benelli
Feb 6, 2018·The Gerontologist·Siobhan K McMahonAlexander J Rothman
Aug 8, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Audrey ArnalFrédéric Thomas

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