Domain-specific bias in arginine/lysine usage by protein toxins.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
E London, C L Luongo

Abstract

The content of lysine and arginine residues in a number of A-B type protein toxins has been examined. It is found that the A subunit, or its equivalent, often shows a strong bias in the type of basic amino acid residue used tending towards nearly exclusive use of either arginine or lysine rather than use of both, whereas the B subunit or its equivalent shows no such bias. Although arginine codons are GC-rich and lysine codons are AT-rich, the content of GC and AT in the genes coding for the toxins does not adequately explain this bias. Other explanations are discussed, including the possibility that the bias is linked to catalytic function or membrane interaction. Understanding this bias may yield valuable insights into toxin structure and function. Furthermore, identification of bias in sequences may be a useful tool for identifying new toxins and their domains.

References

Jul 1, 1986·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A NicosiaR Rappuoli
May 16, 1988·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·M R Popoff, P Boquet
Jan 1, 1986·Bioscience Reports·W K Roberts, C P Selitrennikoff
Aug 29, 1986·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·I Florin, M Thelestam
Nov 25, 1985·Nucleic Acids Research·K C HallingR F Weaver
Mar 1, 1986·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·V S AlluredD B McKay
Dec 1, 1988·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D J WozniakD R Galloway
Nov 5, 1988·Journal of Molecular Biology·J JaninC Chothia
Jul 1, 1987·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S B CalderwoodJ J Mekalanos
May 3, 1988·Biochemistry·J M Zhao, E London
Jan 1, 1986·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology·L L Simpson
Jan 1, 1986·Annual Review of Biochemistry·D M Neville, T H Hudson
Jul 24, 1986·Nature·K AktoriesE Habermann
Oct 10, 1986·Nucleic Acids Research·N F Fairweather, V A Lyness
Jan 1, 1984·Journal of Molecular Evolution·D F FengR F Doolittle
May 1, 1984·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·G L GrayH L Heyneker
Nov 1, 1983·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·L GreenfieldD A Kaplan
May 1, 1983·Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics·J WhiteA Helenius
May 1, 1982·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M YamadaA Nakazawa

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 1, 1990·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·B R Singh
Mar 26, 1992·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·E London
Apr 30, 2011·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Veronika RedmannDomenico Tortorella
Sep 5, 2008·PloS One·Pradeep K GuptaStephen H Leppla
Aug 26, 2014·Toxins·Philip A Gurnev, Ekaterina M Nestorovich
Mar 17, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jowita Nowakowska-GołackaMonika Słomińska-Wojewódzka
Jan 12, 2021·Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal·Léa V ZinsliMathias Schmelcher
Jan 1, 2006·EcoSal Plus·Michael G Jobling, Randall K Holmes

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.