Dopamine, Alpha-Synuclein, and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Parkinsonian Eyes

Frontiers in Neuroscience
Alessia IndrieriElvira De Leonibus

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor dysfunctions including bradykinesia, tremor at rest and motor instability. These symptoms are associated with the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons originating in the substantia nigra pars compacta and projecting to the corpus striatum, and by accumulation of cytoplasmic inclusions mainly consisting of aggregated alpha-synuclein, called Lewy bodies. PD is a complex, multifactorial disorder and its pathogenesis involves multiple pathways and mechanisms such as α-synuclein proteostasis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, axonal transport, and neuroinflammation. Motor symptoms manifest when there is already an extensive dopamine denervation. There is therefore an urgent need for early biomarkers to apply disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. Visual defects and retinal abnormalities, including decreased visual acuity, abnormal spatial contrast sensitivity, color vision defects, or deficits in more complex visual tasks are present in the majority of PD patients. They are being considered for early diagnosis together with retinal imaging techniques are being considered as non-invasive biomarkers for PD. Dopaminergic cells can be found in...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 23, 2021·Advances in Geriatric Medicine and Research·Marian Blazes, Cecilia S Lee
May 19, 2021·Neurotoxicity Research·Yousef TizabiMichael Aschner
Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Sabrina CarrellaAlessia Indrieri
Jul 27, 2021·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·Upasana GangulySasanka Chakrabarti
Jul 20, 2021·Journal of Parkinson's Disease·Gregory L BrownEsther M Bowie
Aug 17, 2021·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·Lieve Moons, Lies De Groef

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging techniques
transgenic

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