Dosage Compensation in the African Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Genome Biology and Evolution
Graham RoseJ Krzywinski

Abstract

Dosage compensation is the fundamental process by which gene expression from the male monosomic X chromosome and from the diploid set of autosomes is equalized. Various molecular mechanisms have evolved in different organisms to achieve this task. In Drosophila, genes on the male X chromosome are upregulated to the levels of expression from the two X chromosomes in females. To test whether a similar mechanism is operating in immature stages of Anopheles mosquitoes, we analyzed global gene expression in the Anopheles gambiae fourth instar larvae and pupae using high-coverage RNA-seq data. In pupae of both sexes, the median expression ratios of X-linked to autosomal genes (X:A) were close to 1.0, and within the ranges of expression ratios between the autosomal pairs, consistent with complete compensation. Gene-by-gene comparisons of expression in males and females revealed mild female bias, likely attributable to a deficit of male-biased X-linked genes. In larvae, male to female ratios of the X chromosome expression levels were more female biased than in pupae, suggesting that compensation may not be complete. No compensation mechanism appears to operate in male germline of early pupae. Confirmation of the existence of dosage com...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 2, 2016·Science·Elzbieta KrzywinskaJaroslaw Krzywinski
Apr 22, 2020·Genome Biology and Evolution·Benjamin L S FurmanJudith E Mank
Jan 19, 2017·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Christopher H Chandler
Feb 6, 2017·G3 : Genes - Genomes - Genetics·Bryan J CassoneBradley J White
Jul 17, 2021·Life Science Alliance·Claudia Isabelle Keller ValsecchiAsifa Akhtar

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
transgenic
RNA assay
pull-down
PCR
chip
Assay

Software Mentioned

GS Reference Mapper
Tophat
R
RTA
cuffdiff
Hemotek
GenomicFeatures
FastqSampler
Cufflinks
HiSeq Control

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