Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential dose-dependent effects of smoking on the risk of CHD, heart failure and stroke in individuals with type 1 diabetes. The study included 4506 individuals with type 1 diabetes who were participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) study. Intensity of smoking was estimated by packs per day and cumulative smoking by pack-years. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the risk of incident CHD, heart failure or stroke during follow-up. One pack per day significantly increased the risk of incident CHD in current smokers compared with never smokers (HR 1.45 [95% CI 1.15, 1.84]), after adjustment for age, sex, HbA1c, hypertension, duration of diabetes and BMI. The risk of CHD in former smokers was similar to the risk in never smokers. The risk of incident heart failure was 1.43 (95% CI 1.03, 1.97) in current smokers per one pack per day and 1.37 (95% CI 1.05, 1.77) in former smokers, while the risk of incident stroke was 1.70 (95% CI 1.26, 2.29) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.14, 1.93), respectively. After further adjustments for lipids, however, the difference in the risk of heart failure in current and former smokers was no longer significant. Cumulative smoking data were simi...Continue Reading
References
Jul 1, 1990·Circulation·C S MoyA L Drash
Mar 25, 1989·BMJ : British Medical Journal·W Y CraigJ E Haddow
Jun 27, 1987·British Medical Journal·K Borch-Johnsen, S Kreiner
Sep 28, 1996·BMJ : British Medical Journal·P RossingH H Parving
Aug 1, 1997·Diabetes Care·N ChaturvediJ H Fuller
Aug 19, 1997·Circulation·J M Lightwood, S A Glantz
Apr 18, 2000·Heart·J J McMurray, S Stewart
Oct 12, 2000·The American Journal of Cardiology·S D FisherUNKNOWN THROMBO Investigators
Oct 6, 2001·Diabetologia·J H FullerS L Wang
Apr 30, 2003·Diabetes Care·Trevor J OrchardDorothy J Becker
Jul 3, 2003·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Julia A Critchley, Simon Capewell
Jan 30, 2004·Diabetes Care·Sabita S Soedamah-MuthuUNKNOWN EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group
Sep 29, 2004·Archives of Internal Medicine·Barbara E K KleinJennifer O Reinke
May 26, 2005·International Journal of Epidemiology·M WoodwardUNKNOWN Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration
Jul 27, 2005·Diabetes Care·Lena M ThornUNKNOWN FinnDiane Study Group
Jan 21, 2009·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Rachel G MillerTrevor J Orchard
Feb 18, 2010·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Michelle D HolmesSusan E Hankinson
Jun 22, 2010·Lancet·Martin J O'DonnellUNKNOWN INTERSTROKE investigators
Jun 28, 2011·Lancet·Marcus LindAnnika Rosengren
Nov 29, 2011·Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD·P A GerberR Lehmann
Apr 27, 2012·Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research : Official Journal of the International Society of Diabetes and Vascular Disease·Aaron M SecrestTrevor J Orchard
Aug 11, 2012·American Heart Journal·Deepa M GopalJaved Butler
Jan 25, 2013·The New England Journal of Medicine·Prabhat JhaRichard Peto
Jan 30, 2013·Acta Diabetologica·Ewa KondurackaJadwiga Nessler
Apr 26, 2013·The New England Journal of Medicine·Mohammed K AliEdward W Gregg
Oct 31, 2013·Diabetes Care·Rachel G MillerTrevor J Orchard
Dec 21, 2013·American Journal of Epidemiology·Duncan C Thomas
Jul 26, 2014·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Stefanie HäggUNKNOWN FinnDiane Study Group
Jan 13, 2015·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·John W McEvoyKhurram Nasir
Feb 25, 2015·Diabetes Care·Gabriela Vazquez-BenitezPatrick J O'Connor
Apr 22, 2015·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Ute MonsUNKNOWN CHANCES Consortium
Aug 28, 2015·Circulation·An PanFrank B Hu
Dec 17, 2015·Acta Diabetologica·Maija FeodoroffPer-Henrik Groop
Jan 9, 2016·Epidemiology·Jay H LubinRachel R Huxley
Oct 23, 2016·Journal of Clinical Epidemiology·Robin NanceRobyn L McClelland
Citations
Apr 3, 2020·Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews·C ViñalsA J Amor
Nov 28, 2019·Journal of Tropical Pediatrics·Tugba Sismanlar EyubogluIsıl Irem Budakoglu
May 27, 2020·Aging·Juan WuJian-Ping Liu
Nov 18, 2019·Cardiovascular Diabetology·Monia GarofoloGiuseppe Penno
Jan 31, 2020·Tobacco Induced Diseases·Youn-Jung Son, Hyeon-Ju Lee
Jun 20, 2020·American Journal of Epidemiology·John M LachinBarbara Braffett
Aug 1, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Hyeonju Lee, Youn-Jung Son
Oct 16, 2019·Journal of Diabetes Research·Su WangKun Wang
Sep 4, 2020·Australasian Journal on Ageing·Hye Gyeong Son
May 28, 2021·Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD·Tonet Serés-NoriegaAntonio J Amor
Jul 29, 2021·Cardiovascular Diabetology·Erika B ParenteUNKNOWN FinnDiane Study Group
Jan 14, 2022·PloS One·Yaser MokhayeriJay S Kaufman