Dose-response assessment of nephrotoxicity from a twenty-eight-day combined-exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid in F344 rats.

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Gonçalo Gamboa da CostaFrederick A Beland

Abstract

The adulteration of pet food with melamine and derivatives, including cyanuric acid, has been implicated in the kidney failure and death of cats and dogs in the USA and other countries. In a previous 7-day dietary study in F344 rats, we established a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for a co-exposure to melamine and cyanuric acid of 8.6 mg/kg bw/day of each compound, and a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) of 8.4-10.9 mg/kg bw/day of each compound. To ascertain the role played by the duration of exposure, we treated F344 rats for 28 days. Groups of male and female rats were fed diet containing 0 (control), 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, or 360 ppm of both melamine and cyanuric acid. The lowest dose that produced histopathological alterations in the kidney was 120 ppm, versus 229 ppm in the 7-day study. Wet-mount analysis of kidney sections demonstrated the formation of melamine cyanurate spherulites in one male and two female rats at the 60 ppm dose and in one female rat at the 30 ppm dose, establishing a NOAEL of 2.1mg/kg bw/day for males and <2.6 mg/kg bw/day for females, and BMDL values as low as 1.6 mg/kg bw/day for both sexes. These data demonstrate that the length of exposure is an important component in the th...Continue Reading

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Jan 10, 2012·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Cristina C JacobGonçalo Gamboa da Costa

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Citations

May 23, 2012·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Qin ZhangPeter L Goering
May 21, 2013·Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics·C B StineR Reimschuessel
Nov 22, 2015·Environmental Toxicology·Ching Yan ChuChi Chiu Wang
Oct 2, 2012·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Omari BandeleRobert Sprando
Nov 4, 2016·Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods·Huiying SunHui Zhao
Aug 16, 2016·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·In-Chul LeeJong-Choon Kim
Oct 30, 2016·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Camila S SilvaLuísa Camacho
May 4, 2017·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Wai Chin Li, Chin Fung Chow
Dec 18, 2013·Toxicologic Pathology·Susan A ElmoreJerrold M Ward
Apr 30, 2020·Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Médicas E Biológicas·Xianrong XuJun Yang

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