Dose-response relationships between cigarette smoking and kidney cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology
Xiaoqiu LiuAlessandra Lugo

Abstract

We aim to provide the most accurate and updated quantification of the effect of cigarette smoking on kidney cancer risk focusing on dose-response relationships. We conducted a meta-analysis, using an innovative approach combining an umbrella review and a traditional literature search. Fifty-six original studies were included, providing pooled relative risks (RR) of kidney cancer of 1.39 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.28-1.51) for current and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.14-1.27) for former compared with never smokers. Kidney cancer risk increased non-linearly with smoking intensity, the RR compared with never smokers being 1.18 (95% CI: 1.11-1.26) for five and 1.72 (95% CI: 1.52-1.95) for 30 cigarettes/day, and increased linearly with smoking duration, the RR being 1.70 (95% CI: 1.10-2.64) after 25 years. The risk linearly decreased with time-since-quitting. Even smoking few cigarettes per day significantly increases kidney cancer risk. Quitting smoking reduces the risk, the earlier the better.

Citations

Sep 13, 2019·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Alessandra LugoSilvano Gallus
Aug 11, 2020·The American Journal of Gastroenterology·Edoardo BotteriAlessandra Lugo
Sep 25, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·James ReigleMaria F Czyzyk-Krzeska
May 16, 2021·Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology·María Teresa CalzadaJavier Enrique Botero
Nov 29, 2021·Cancer Causes & Control : CCC·Elise AssouadPascale Salameh

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