Dosimetry is Key to Good Epidemiology: Workers at Mallinckrodt Chemical Works had Seven Different Source Exposures

Health Physics
Elizabeth Dupree EllisGeorge D Kerr

Abstract

Mallinckrodt Chemical Works was the earliest uranium processing facility in the Manhattan Project, beginning in 1942. Even then, concern existed about possible health effects resulting from exposure to radiation and pitchblende dust. This concern was well founded as the facility processed Belgian Congo pitchblende ore that was up to 60% pure uranium with high U content and up to 100 mg of radium per ton. Workers were exposed to external gamma radiation plus internal radiation from inhalation and ingestion of pitchblende dust (uranium, radium, and silica). Multiple sources of exposure were available for organ dose reconstruction to a degree unique for an epidemiologic study. Personal film badge measures available from 1945 captured external exposures. Additional external exposure included 15,518 occupational medical x-rays and 210 radiation exposure records from other facilities outside of Mallinckrodt employment. Organ dose calculations considered organ-specific coefficients that account for photon energy and job-specific orientation of workers to the radiation source during processing. Intakes of uranium and radium were based on 39,451 uranium urine bioassays and 2,341 breath radon measurements, and International Commission on...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 26, 2018·Health Physics·John D BoiceElizabeth D Ellis
Nov 20, 2018·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Sarah S CohenJohn D Boice
Dec 2, 2018·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Ashley P GoldenJohn D Boice
Dec 5, 2018·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Richard W LeggettJohn D Boice
Dec 19, 2018·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Richard W LeggettMichael Bellamy
Jan 8, 2019·International Journal of Radiation Biology·John D BoiceSarah S Cohen
Mar 5, 2019·International Journal of Radiation Biology·John D Boice
Mar 5, 2019·International Journal of Radiation Biology·John D BoiceElizabeth D Ellis
Jul 5, 2019·Journal of Radiological Protection : Official Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection·John D BoiceRoy Shore
Jan 18, 2019·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Ashley P GoldenJohn D Boice
Oct 26, 2018·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Derek HagemeyerTerry A Brock
Apr 27, 2021·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Nicole E MartinezRichard W Leggett
May 11, 2021·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Ashley P GoldenLydia B Zablotska
May 29, 2021·International Journal of Radiation Biology·John D BoiceRichard W Leggett
Nov 4, 2021·International Journal of Radiation Biology·John D BoiceLawrence T Dauer

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