Double aortic and pulmonary valves: An artifact generated by ultrasound refraction

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
Lukas E SpiekerRolf Jenni

Abstract

Echocardiography is an essential diagnostic tool for the investigation of the cardiovascular system. However, the nature of the ultrasound beam may lead to artifacts such as doubling of cardiac structures because of refraction. Here we present two illustrative cases showing doubling of the aortic ring and double regurgitation through the pulmonary valve. Doubling by refraction is different from other artifacts generating double images, such as mirroring of the ultrasound beam (eg, by prosthetic valves). Anatomic structures between the transducer and the heart such as the pleura, pericardium, or rib cartilage may induce refraction of the ultrasound beam resulting in doubling of cardiac structures. The resulting doubling of anatomic structures must not be misdiagnosed.

References

Nov 1, 1989·Radiology·W D Middleton, G L Melson
Nov 1, 1982·Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : JCU·A D SavakusN B Miller

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Citations

Mar 8, 2006·Der Anaesthesist·M NowakH K Eltzschig
Nov 28, 2013·Ultrasonic Imaging·Brooks D Lindsey, Stephen W Smith
Sep 29, 2009·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·Ozcan OzekeEmre Nuri Gunel
Mar 13, 2016·Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography·Philippe B BertrandPieter M Vandervoort
Aug 7, 2018·Echocardiography·Mary M Quien, Muhamed Saric
Feb 20, 2016·Anesthesia and Analgesia·Huong T LeGregory M Janelle
Nov 28, 2017·Echocardiography·Mohammed Ayan, Srikanth Vallurupalli

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