PMID: 8593367Dec 1, 1995Paper

Drug resistant tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa: an estimation of incidence and cost for the year 2000

Tubercle and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
G CarpelsF Portaels

Abstract

Rwanda. To evaluate the tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance in Rwanda on smear positive sputa, collected prospectively at the start of the National TB programme, before the start of any treatment or retreatment. To adapt the scenarios of Schulzer et al (1992) to the data from Rwanda, in order to obtain an estimation of the number of drug resistant and multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB cases expected by the year 2000. A total of 298 specimens (236 randomly selected new cases and 62 retreated cases), collected between January 1991 and June 1993, were sent to Belgium in 1% cetylpyridinium chloride. Drug resistance was determined using the proportion method. MDR, i.e. resistance to at least rifampicin (R) and isoniazid (H), was observed in 3 (1.3%) out of 236 new cases and in 4 (6.5%) out of 62 treated cases. For new cases, single drug resistance to H, R and ethambutol (E) was 3%, 0.4% respectively; for treated cases it was 14.5%, 1.6% and 6.5 respectively. Based on the estimate of the size of the TB problem in sub-Saharan Africa by the year of 2000 (Schulzer), we calculated that the region should expect between 15,543 and 223, 417 cases of MDR, all forms combined (between 2.3 and 32.7 per 100,000 inhabitants), by the end of the century....Continue Reading

References

Aug 1, 1992·Tubercle and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·S J Kim, Y P Hong
Oct 1, 1994·Immunobiology·A Kochi

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Citations

Jul 13, 2000·Lancet·A Van RieP D Van Helden
Jan 1, 1997·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·A D Harries
Oct 1, 1996·Tubercle and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·S LedruJ P Chiron
Nov 24, 2012·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·William KimbroughFrancesco Checchi
Jan 1, 1996·Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases·E GirardiG Ippolito
Jun 25, 1998·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·R RidzonI M Onorato
Jun 11, 2020·Nature Communications·Jean Claude Semuto NgabonzizaPhilip Supply

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