Dry Eye-Related Visual Blurring and Irritative Symptoms and Their Association with Depression and Anxiety in Eye Clinic Patients

Current Eye Research
Hong LiyueLouis Tong

Abstract

Dry eye is a common condition known to have many systemic co-morbidities. We aim to report the frequency of depression and anxiety suspects in eye clinic patients and explore the association between dry eye signs and symptoms with depression and anxiety. Adult outpatients were recruited from dry a public tertiary ophthalmology specialist center. Participants underwent socio-demographic and dry eye symptoms questionnaires, fluorescein dye tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein dye corneal staining and Schirmer's test. Rasch analysis was used to internally validate the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and determine its psychometric properties. A total of 96 participants (mean age 54.5 ± 10.8; 64.1% women) were recruited. The mean score for the CES-D was 12.1 ± 9.8 with 28 participants (31.5%) having a score of above 16 (published threshold). The mean score for depression-associated questions in the HADS was 3.6 ± 3.6 with 13 participants (14.1%) having a score ≥8. The mean score for the anxiety-associated questions in the HADS was 5.3 ± 3.6 with 24 participants (26.1%) having score ≥8. There was a weak inverse correlation between Schirmer's test and CES...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 23, 2016·Indoor Air·P Wolkoff
Nov 28, 2018·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Masahiko AyakiKazuno Negishi
May 3, 2019·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Elizabeth Wen Ling LimLouis Tong
Oct 23, 2019·Translational Vision Science & Technology·Louis TongRyan Khee Jin Lee
Jan 9, 2019·Translational Vision Science & Technology·Momoko KitazawaTaishiro Kishimoto
Jan 17, 2019·Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Für Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie·Tina KaiserGerd Geerling
Mar 11, 2021·Clinical & Experimental Optometry : Journal of the Australian Optometrical Association·Michael Tm WangJennifer P Craig
Nov 28, 2020·Journal of Optometry·Charles W McMonnies
Mar 30, 2021·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Jeffrey J RakofskyBoadie W Dunlop

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