Dual 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 signal response pathways in osteoblasts: cross-talk between genomic and membrane-initiated pathways

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
Mary C Farach-Carson, A L Ridall

Abstract

Osteoblasts are key regulatory cells in the control of systemic calcium ion (Ca2+) homeostasis. They, along with cells in the kidney and intestine, function as an integral part of the vitamin D endocrine system. The hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3), interacts with osteoblasts at several levels to modulate their phenotype and function. The interactions involve distinct receptor systems that operate on unique time scales. Rapid nongenomic actions (milliseconds to minutes), mediated through membrane receptor systems, do not require protein synthesis and include activation of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels, induction of phospholipid and sphingolipid turnover, elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, priming of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-sensitive ion channels, and activation of second messenger systems. In the longer term (many hours to days), interactions mediated through binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to nuclear receptors, present in mature osteoblasts, modulate transcription of target genes. Target genes for 1,25(OH)2D3 including those encoding for the bone matrix proteins osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN), possess vitamin D response elements (VDRE) upstream of the transcriptional ...Continue Reading

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