Dual Gene Repertoires for Larval and Adult Shells Reveal Molecules Essential for Molluscan Shell Formation

Molecular Biology and Evolution
Ran ZhaoKazuyoshi Endo

Abstract

Molluscan shells, mainly composed of calcium carbonate, also contain organic components such as proteins and polysaccharides. Shell organic matrices construct frameworks of shell structures and regulate crystallization processes during shell formation. To date, a number of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have been identified, and their functions in shell formation have been studied. However, previous studies focused only on SMPs extracted from adult shells, secreted after metamorphosis. Using proteomic analyses combined with genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we have identified 31 SMPs from larval shells of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, and 111 from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Larval SMPs are almost entirely different from those of adults in both species. RNA-seq data also confirm that gene expression profiles for larval and adult shell formation are nearly completely different. Therefore, bivalves have two repertoires of SMP genes to construct larval and adult shells. Despite considerable differences in larval and adult SMPs, some functional domains are shared by both SMP repertoires. Conserved domains include von Willebrand factor type A (VWA), chitin-binding (CB), carbonic anhydrase (CA), and acidic domains. T...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 2, 2020·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Melody S ClarkElizabeth M Harper
Nov 26, 2020·Journal of Molecular Evolution·Keisuke ShimizuMichio Suzuki
Dec 7, 2018·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·José A Fernández RobledoMichael J Metzger

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-seq
gene knockdown

Software Mentioned

Trimmomatic
TMHMM
RAxML
Jalview
SEQUEST
ExPASy ProtParam
PEAKs Studio
BLASTP
SignalP
MAFFT

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