Dual-phenotype GABA/glutamate neurons in adult preoptic area: sexual dimorphism and function

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Erich N OttemSandra L Petersen

Abstract

It is generally assumed that the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and the stimulatory neurotransmitter glutamate are released from different neurons in adults. However, this tenet has made it difficult to explain how the same afferent signals can cause opposite changes in GABA and glutamate release. Such reciprocal release is a central mechanism in the neural control of many physiological processes including activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the neural signal for ovulation. Activation of GnRH neurons requires simultaneous suppression of GABA and stimulation of glutamate release, each of which occurs in response to a daily photoperiodic signal, but only in the presence of estradiol (E2). In rodents, E2 and photoperiodic signals converge in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), but it is unclear how these signals differentially regulate GABA and glutamate secretion. We now report that nearly all neurons in the AVPV of female rats express both vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), a marker of hypothalamic glutamatergic neurons, as well as glutamic acid decarboxylase and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), markers of GABAergic neurons. These dual-phenotype neurons are the main targets of ...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 19, 2011·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Salah El MestikawyLouis-Eric Trudeau
Oct 7, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Sudha KrishnanSandra L Petersen
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Jul 10, 2009·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Edward D HudgensSandra L Petersen
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