Duodenal epithelial sensing of luminal acid: role of carbonic anhydrases

Acta Physiologica
Markus Sjöblom

Abstract

Sensing the luminal contents is a prerequisite to activate appropriate gastrointestinal functions. A major task of the duodenal epithelium is to resist the repeated challenges of hydrochloric acid expelled from the stomach. Although extensive research in this field, the complete mechanisms providing this defence remain to be revealed. The duodenal epithelium exports bicarbonate into a submillimetre-thick mucus gel on top of the mucosal surface. Despite the very low pH of the luminal contents, the duodenal mucus-bicarbonate barrier provides a means of maintaining a virtually neutral pH at the epithelial surface. Instead of pH, CO₂ generated by the mixing of acid and bicarbonate at levels not found elsewhere in the body serves as the mediator for sensing the luminal acid. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyse the reversible hydration of CO₂ and are heavily expressed in the duodenal segment. Accumulating data support the key function of CAs in sensing luminal acid and CO₂. Recent advances demonstrate that the presence of CA II in upper villus plays a crucial role in enterocyte intracellular acidification preceding the secretory increase in response to luminal acid. However, CAs only have a minor role in the bicarbonate supply destine...Continue Reading

References

Feb 12, 1987·The New England Journal of Medicine·J I IsenbergM A Koss
Jan 1, 1995·Annual Review of Biochemistry·W S Sly, P Y Hu
Oct 1, 1994·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics·D L HoganJ I Isenberg
Oct 1, 1993·Physiological Reviews·A AllenE Kivilaakso
Apr 1, 1997·The American Journal of Physiology·D L HoganM A Ainsworth
Jan 1, 1997·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·S Lindskog
Apr 18, 1998·Gastroenterology·P Holzer
May 9, 1998·The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society·J SaarnioW S Sly
Jan 14, 1999·The American Journal of Physiology·Y Akiba, J D Kaunitz
Aug 13, 1999·The American Journal of Physiology·Y AkibaJ D Kaunitz
Aug 1, 2000·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Y AkibaJ D Kaunitz
Aug 24, 2001·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·M SjöblomG Flemström
Oct 23, 2001·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·O NylanderM Sababi
Nov 7, 2001·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·B C TrippJ G Ferry
Apr 16, 2002·The Keio Journal of Medicine·Jonathan D Kaunitz, Yasutada Akiba
Oct 2, 2002·Digestive Diseases and Sciences·Koji TakeuchiShoji Kawauchi
Mar 29, 2003·Journal of Pineal Research·Markus Sjöblom, Gunnar Flemström
Jun 14, 2003·Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology·Brendan J R Whittle
Dec 4, 2003·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Peter Holzer
Feb 7, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Masahiko HirokawaJonathan D Kaunitz
Jun 15, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Masako AoiKoji Takeuchi
Oct 23, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Osamu FurukawaJonathan D Kaunitz
Dec 14, 2004·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·Adrian Allen, Gunnar Flemström
Jan 6, 2005·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Antti-J KiveläSeppo Parkkila
Mar 22, 2005·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·Christopher M LaingRobert J Unwin
Aug 12, 2005·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Gunnar Flemström, Markus Sjöblom
Oct 12, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mari LeppilampiMarkus Sjöblom
Mar 25, 2006·The Journal of Physiology·Misa MizumoriYasutada Akiba

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 3, 2014·Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica·Anna WistedtLena Holm
Sep 13, 2014·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Brian J KriegGregory E Amidon
Jan 10, 2013·Acta Physiologica·P B Persson, A Bondke Persson
Apr 25, 2017·Experimental Physiology·Wan Salman Wan Saudi, Markus Sjöblom
Oct 22, 2020·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Alex M ZimmerSteve F Perry

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Markus SjöblomU Seidler
Acta Physiologica
Yasutada Akiba, Jonathan D Kaunitz
American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
Masako AoiKoji Takeuchi
Journal of Biochemistry
Takahiro SatoMasayasu Kojima
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved