Dynamic changes of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and human beta defensin 2 in HIV-infected patients with oral candidiasis during the first year of highly active anti-retroviral therapy

Archives of Oral Biology
Xiangzhi YongYuxiao Huang

Abstract

To investigate the change of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and human beta defensin 2 (HBD-2) in HIV-infected patients with oral candidiasis (OC) and gather information about OC-specific immunity. During the 1st year of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), 25 HIV-infected patients were followed up at the baseline, 3rd, 6th, 12th month. At each visit, oral manifestations were examined; oral rinses were collected and cultured for Candida; peripheral venous blood was taken to determine CD4 + T cell counts and HIV RNA viral load (VL); both unstimulated whole saliva and peripheral venous blood were taken to determine cytokine (IL-4, IL-17(A/F), IFN-γ) and HBD-2 levels. Twenty-five healthy individuals were enrolled as control. HIV-infected patients displayed lower levels of IL-17(A/F) and IFN-γ but higher level of IL-4 and HBD-2 compared with healthy controls. During the 1st year of HAART, salivary IL-17(A/F) and IFN-γ were in uptrend, whereas salivary IL-4 and salivary HBD-2 were in downtrend. Serum cytokines all show no significant changes. After 1 year of HAART, serum, salivary IL-4 level and salivary IL-17(A/F) showed no significant difference from healthy controls. HIV-infected patients with OC had a higher IL-4 level but lowe...Continue Reading

References

Aug 8, 2002·Oral Diseases·P L Fidel
Feb 7, 2003·Current Medicinal Chemistry·L BelmonteB H Ruibal-Ares
Nov 6, 2007·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Yoshihiro Abiko, Masato Saitoh
Dec 18, 2007·Seminars in Immunology·Nico Ghilardi, Wenjun Ouyang
Feb 11, 2009·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Heather R ContiSarah L Gaffen
Mar 12, 2011·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Luigina Romani
Mar 13, 2012·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·Eleni TopkasChamindie Punyadeera
May 23, 2012·Cell Host & Microbe·Nydiaris Hernández-Santos, Sarah L Gaffen
Jun 12, 2012·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·Wipawee NittayanantaHutcha Sriplung
Oct 26, 2013·International Journal of Oral Science·Wen-Zhao LiuQian-Ming Chen
Jan 21, 2014·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Anna R HupplerSarah L Gaffen
Jun 17, 2014·Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology·Lanlan JiangRenchuan Tao
Jan 13, 2015·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·Meggy Suarez-CarmonaMichael Herfs
Jul 19, 2015·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Heather R Conti, Sarah L Gaffen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Candida albicans

Candida albicans is an opportunistic, fungal pathogen of humans that frequently causes superficial infections of oral and vaginal mucosal surfaces of debilitated and susceptible individuals. Discover the latest research on Candida albicans here.

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by Candida and it can affect many parts for the body including mucosal membranes as well as the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts. Here is the latest research.

Candidiasis (ASM)

Candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by Candida and it can affect many parts for the body including mucosal membranes as well as the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts. Here is the latest research.