PMID: 15345967Sep 4, 2004Paper

Dynamic effects of a 9 mm missile on cadaveric skull protected by aramid, polyethylene or aluminum plate: an experimental study

The Journal of Trauma
Jean-Claude SarronRoger Robert

Abstract

Most military helmets are designed to prevent penetration by small firearms using composite materials in their construction. However, the transient deformation of the composite helmet during a non penetrating impact may result in severe head injury. Two experimental designs were undertaken to characterize the extend of injuries imparted by composite panels using in protective helmets. In the first series, 21 dry skulls were protected by polyethylene plates, with gaps between the protective plate and skull ranging from 12 to 15 mm. In another design, using 9 cadavers, heads were protected by aluminum, aramid, or polyethylene plates. Specimens were instrumented with pressure gauges to record the impact response. The ammunition used in these experiments was 9 mm caliber and had a velocity of 400 m/s. A macroscopic analysis of the specimens quantified fractures and injuries, which were then related to the measured pressures. Protective plates influenced both the levels of injury and the intracranial pressure. Injuries were accentuated as the plates was changed from aluminum to composite materials and ranged from skin laceration to extensive skull fractures and brain contusion. Fractures were associated with brain parenchymal pressu...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1978·Annals of Surgery·A W Carroll, C A Soderstrom
Jan 1, 1988·The Journal of Trauma·F P WatkinsM C Stainer
Aug 1, 1995·Journal of Neurotrauma·N YoganandanR G Snyder

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Citations

Apr 2, 2014·International Journal of Medical Sciences·Christopher J FreitasJames Mackiewicz
Jul 22, 2014·Journal of Forensic Sciences·Karin A RafaelsCameron R Dale Bass
Dec 17, 2009·The Journal of Surgical Research·Michael D GoodmanTimothy A Pritts
Jan 26, 2010·Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps·J K Ralph, T Lowes
Sep 15, 2010·The Journal of Trauma·Yuval RanGil Hirschhorn
Oct 11, 2013·Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps·John BreezeM J Midwinter

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