Dynamic force microscopy for imaging of viruses under physiological conditions

Biological Procedures Online
Ferry KienbergerPeter Hinterdorfer

Abstract

Dynamic force microscopy (DFM) allows imaging of the structure and the assessment of the function of biological specimens in their physiological environment. In DFM, the cantilever is oscillated at a given frequency and touches the sample only at the end of its downward movement. Accordingly, the problem of lateral forces displacing or even destroying bio-molecules is virtually inexistent as the contact time and friction forces are reduced. Here, we describe the use of DFM in studies of human rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV2) weakly adhering to mica surfaces. The capsid of HRV2 was reproducibly imaged without any displacement of the virus. Release of the genomic RNA from the virions was initiated by exposure to low pH buffer and snapshots of the extrusion process were obtained. In the following, the technical details of previous DFM investigations of HRV2 are summarized.

References

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Citations

Nov 24, 2004·Biological Chemistry·A S M KamruzzahanPeter Hinterdorfer
May 19, 2011·Macromolecular Rapid Communications·Marat O Gallyamov
May 6, 2006·Ultramicroscopy·F KienbergerP Hinterdorfer
Aug 24, 2005·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Ronald ZirbsWolfgang H Binder

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
AFM
dynamic force microscopy
X-ray
electron

Software Mentioned

MACmode AFM

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