Each Additional Day of Antibiotics is Associated with Lower Gut Anaerobes in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Ashley M RooneyBryan Coburn

Abstract

Discontinuation of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy is an important target for stewardship intervention. The drug and duration-dependent effects of antibiotics on the developing neonatal gut microbiota needs to be precisely quantified. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing on stool swab samples collected from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients within 7 days of discontinuation of therapy who received either ampicillin and tobramycin (AT), ampicillin and cefotaxime (AC), or ampicillin, tobramycin and metronidazole (ATM). We compared taxonomic composition within term and preterm infant groups between treatment regimens. We calculated adjusted effect estimates for antibiotic type and duration of therapy on the richness of obligate anaerobes and known butyrate-producers in all infants. A total of 72 infants were included in the study. Term infants received AT (20/28; 71%) or AC (8/28; 29%) with median durations of 3 and 3.5 days, respectively. Preterm infants received AT (32/44; 73%) or ATM (12/44; 27%) with median durations of 4 and 7 days, respectively. Compositional analyses of stool swab samples demonstrated low diversity and dominance by potential pathogens. Within a week of...Continue Reading

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA532426

Software Mentioned

DADA2
R
MASS
GraphPad Prism

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