Early Childhood Antibiotic Treatment for Otitis Media and Other Respiratory Tract Infections Is Associated With Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Register-Based Study With Sibling Analysis.

Diabetes Care
Mona-Lisa WernrothTove Fall

Abstract

The effect of early-life antibiotic treatment on the risk of type 1 diabetes is debated. This study assessed this question, applying a register-based design in children up to age 10 years including a large sibling-control analysis. All singleton children (n = 797,318) born in Sweden between 1 July 2005 and 30 September 2013 were included and monitored to 31 December 2014. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for parental and perinatal characteristics, were applied, and stratified models were used to account for unmeasured confounders shared by siblings. Type 1 diabetes developed in 1,297 children during the follow-up (median 4.0 years [range 0-8.3]). Prescribed antibiotics in the 1st year of life (23.8%) were associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.19 [95% CI 1.05-1.36]), with larger effect estimates among children delivered by cesarean section (P for interaction = 0.016). The association was driven by exposure to antibiotics primarily used for acute otitis media and respiratory tract infections. Further, we found an association of antibiotic prescriptions in pregnancy (22.5%) with type 1 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.15 [95% CI 1.00-1.32]). In general, sibling analysis supported these ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 6, 2020·Pediatric Diabetes·Malin BéltekyJohnny Ludvigsson
May 1, 2021·Healthcare·Cristina GavriloviciIngrith Miron
Apr 29, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Jielong GuoJicheng Zhan
May 28, 2021·European Journal of Pediatrics·Safiya SoullaneNathalie Auger
May 8, 2021·Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·Aubree C HoncoopRussell J McCulloh

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
cesarean section

Software Mentioned

DAGitty
SAS
R
Strama

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