PMID: 11930094Apr 4, 2002Paper

Early constipation and toilet training in children with encopresis

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Laurie FishmanSamuel Nurko

Abstract

To evaluate the frequency of predisposing factors for encopresis before and during toilet training, comparing children with primary and secondary encopresis. In this retrospective study, questionnaires from the initial evaluation at an encopresis clinic at a tertiary care pediatric hospital were reviewed for the presence or absence of factors in the first 2 years of life, for toilet training practices, and for disruptive events during the training process. Children younger than 48 months or those with organic defecation disorders were excluded. In 411 children with encopresis, the reported frequency of predisposing factors included constipation in 35%, and previous treatment for constipation in 24%. Toilet training was initiated before age 2 years in 26% and after age 3 years in 14%. Interruption of toilet training and punishment were seen more in primary encopresis than in secondary encopresis (50% versus 23%; P < 0.05) and (52% versus 26%; P < 0.05) respectively. Constipation (30% versus 18%; P < 0.05) and abdominal pain (23% versus 9%; P <0.0:5) during toilet training were more common in primary encopresis as was fear of the toilet (47% versus 10%; P < 0.05). In children with encopresis, early difficult defecation, previous ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 4, 2002·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Judith Sondheimer
Jul 2, 2005·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Nader N YoussefJoel R Rosh
Apr 9, 2008·Gastroenterology Nursing : the Official Journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates·Lisa Philichi
Jun 11, 2005·Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Misel Trajanovska, Anthony G Catto-Smith
May 9, 2006·Gastroenterology·Paul E HymanJan Taminiau
Mar 9, 2011·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology·S Nurko, S M Scott
Feb 18, 2017·Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis·Nathan A CallMindy C Scheithauer
Apr 1, 2010·Behavior Analysis in Practice·William H Ahearn
Mar 3, 2006·Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP·Michael W MellonWilliam N Friedrich
Nov 27, 2019·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders·Joanna Lomas MeversBarbara O McElhanon
Jul 21, 2015·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Elise M PhilipsMarc A Benninga
Feb 4, 2021·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Shaman RajindrajithMarc Alexander Benninga
May 3, 2003·Pediatrics·Laurie FishmanSamuel Nurko
Jun 3, 2004·Pediatrics·Nathan J BlumNicole Nemeth

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