Early development of the human placenta and pregnancy complications.

The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
Kjell HaramJohn C Morrison

Abstract

An adequately sized placenta at a suitable site with appropriate depth and centripetal progression of implantation are the major factors for optimal fetal development. The cytotrophoblasts surround the blastocyst fuses at the site of the uterine attachment. This forms a second layer of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts that constitutes the inner epithelial boundary of the chorionic villous against the intervillous space. In a normal pregnancy, extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVT) invade and obstruct the spiral arteries and remodel them. Vacuoles in the syncytial cell layer fuse and develop the intervillous space. The inner cell mass (embryoblast) gives rise to the umbilical cord and the mesenchyme in the chorionic villi. Vasculogenesis starts with the formation of hemangioblastic cords in this mesenchyme. The trophoblastic cell columns anchor the placenta. A variety of molecular pathways participate in the placentation process. Placental morphogenesis occurs mainly through complex cellular interactions between the chorionic villous and the extravillous cytotrophoblasts. The formation of the normal structure of the chorionic villi, syncytiotrophoblast layer and vasculature is essential for placental function, hormone production...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 9, 2019·Biology of Reproduction·Enoch Appiah Adu-GyamfiYu-Bin Ding
Oct 1, 2019·Biology of Reproduction·Enoch Appiah Adu-GyamfiYing-Xiong Wang
Oct 24, 2020·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Jingsi ChenLili Du
Aug 20, 2021·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Mark S Scher
Nov 13, 2021·International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·Qi ZhangYi Zhang

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