Early histologic changes following polymethylmethacrylate injection (vertebroplasty) in rabbit lumbar vertebrae

Spine
Julio UrrutiaClaudio Rojas

Abstract

An ex vivo histologic study in rabbits. To evaluate the early histologic effects of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) injection on bone and intraosseous neural tissue following vertebroplasty in rabbit lumbar vertebrae. Vertebroplasty with PMMA is performed to treat painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Early pain relief has been consistently documented, but its mechanism has not been elucidated. Among the mechanisms of pain relief may be the immediate stabilizing effects of the cement, and the exothermic reaction during curing, which may lead to intraosseous neural ablation. It has been well established that PMMA can induce thermal osteonecrosis after arthroplasty, but the potential for osteonecrosis after vertebroplasty has not been established. Previous studies have suggested that temperature elevations during cement curing may induce thermal bone necrosis. However, this cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been histologically studied in an animal model. Vertebroplasty with PMMA was performed at 2 levels in 12 New Zealand rabbits (24 levels); trochar insertion without PMMA injection was performed at 3 levels each of 2 control animals (6 levels). Sacrifice was performed 24 hours after the procedure. Histologic examinatio...Continue Reading

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