Early-onset depression, anxiety, and risk of subsequent coronary heart disease: 37-year follow-up of 49,321 young Swedish men

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Imre JanszkyTomas Hemmingsson

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term cardiac effects of depression and anxiety assessed at a young age, when reverse causation is not feasible. Most prospective studies found a relatively strong association between depression and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD). However, almost exclusively, only middle-age or older participants were examined, and subclinical atherosclerosis might contribute to the observed association. The prospective association between anxiety and CHD was less evident in previous studies and has been subjected to similar methodological concerns on the possibility for a reverse causation. In a nationwide survey, 49,321 young Swedish men, 18 to 20 years of age, were medically examined for military service in 1969 and 1970. All the conscripts were seen by a psychologist for a structured interview. Conscripts reporting or presenting any psychiatric symptoms were seen by psychiatrists. Depression and anxiety was diagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases-8th Revision (ICD-8). Data on well-established CHD risk factors and potential confounders were also collected (i.e., anthropometrics, diabetes, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, soci...Continue Reading

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